Materials for Piezoelectric Sensors

Materials for piezoelectric sensors

The piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric sensors can be divided into the positive piezoelectric effect and the inverse piezoelectric effect. Positive piezoelectric effect means: when the crystal is subjected to a fixed direction of the external force, the internal polarization phenomenon occurs, and the two surfaces simultaneously produce charges of opposite sign; when the external force is removed, the crystal returns to the state of no charge. When the external force is removed, the crystal returns to an uncharged state. When the direction of the external force is changed, the polarity of the charge is also changed. The amount of charge generated by the stress on the crystal is proportional to the magnitude of the external force. Piezoelectric sensors are mostly made of positive piezoelectric effect.

The inverse piezoelectric effect is a mechanical deformation phenomenon caused by applying an alternating electric field to a crystal, also known as the electrostriction effect. Machines manufactured to emit using the inverse piezoelectric effect are used in electroacoustic and ultrasonic engineering. Piezoelectric crystals are anisotropic, and not all crystals produce the piezoelectric effect. For example, should time crystals do not have the volume deformation piezoelectric effect, but have good thickness deformation and length deformation piezoelectric effect.

Piezoelectric materials for piezoelectric sensors:

It can be divided into piezoelectric single crystal, piezoelectric polycrystalline and organic piezoelectric materials. In piezoelectric sensors, widely used are piezoelectric ceramics belonging to piezoelectric polycrystals and piezoelectric single crystals in the should be time crystals. Other piezoelectric single crystals include lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, and bismuth germanate. Piezoelectric ceramics include barium titanate ceramics, lead zirconate titanate ceramics, niobate ceramics, and lead magnesium niobate ceramics belonging to the ternary system. Piezoelectric ceramics have the advantages of being easy to burn, easy to mold, moisture-proof and high temperature resistant. The disadvantages are thermoelectricity, which interferes with the measurement of mechanical quantities. Organic piezoelectric materials include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon and more than a dozen other polymer materials. Organic piezoelectric materials can be mass-produced and made into large areas. It has unique advantages in matching with air sound resistance, and is a new electroacoustic material with great development potential. Mining vibration sensors also need attention.

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