Selection of Shock Acceleration Sensors

Selection of shock acceleration sensors

Shock acceleration sensor is developed by MEMS technology and microelectronics technology, integrating acceleration sensor, signal converter, power converter, signal filtering circuit, saturation control and temperature compensation, featuring micro-volume, micro-power consumption, micro-noise, high integration, high stability, high reliability, low temperature drift, and strong environmental adaptability.

Shock acceleration sensors are widely used in industrial automatic control, automotive, seismic measurement, military and space systems. Due to the limitations of the working environment, impact acceleration sensors are required to have a high resonant frequency and good dynamic performance to ensure that the impact force or impact acceleration of the object under test can be measured quickly and accurately. Impact acceleration sensor has a variety of structural forms, of which the more common is the column and diaphragm structure, impact acceleration sensor is a kind of center with a circular gauge and sensitive mass of the diaphragm structure. At a position close to the edge of the circular diaphragm where the strain is greatest, four resistor strips of the same resistance value are diffused along the radial direction 110 and tangential direction 110 using a diffusion doping method, and the four resistors of the same properties are connected by vaporized aluminum electrodes to form a Wheatstone bridge.

Selection of sensitivity

Reference ranges are given in the product descriptions of shock acceleration sensors to facilitate the user's selection of a suitable product from a wide range of shock acceleration sensors with different sensitivities. The minimum acceleration measurement is also referred to as the minimum resolution. It should be far from the minimum usable value to ensure the best signal-to-noise ratio, taking into account the noise problem of the post amplifier circuit.

The maximum measurement limit should take into account the nonlinear effects of the shock acceleration sensor itself and the maximum output voltage of the subsequent instrument. The estimation is: maximum measured acceleration x charge/voltage sensitivity of the sensor. It is recommended that if the measured acceleration range is known, whether the above value exceeds the maximum input charge/voltage value of the supporting instrument, it can be selected from the "reference range" in the sensor specifications (taking into account the frequency response and weight). At the same time, sensitivity can be considered if frequency response and weight allow.

Selection of frequency

The frequency response curve given by the shock acceleration sensor manufacturer is mounted with screws. In general, the curve is divided into two parts:resonance frequency and operating frequency. The operating frequency is given according to the sensitivity deviation, which is 10%, 5% and 3 dB. resonance frequencies are generally avoided, but there are some special cases, such as bearing failure detection.

The frequency of the shock accelerometer should be higher than the vibration frequency of the object under test, and the frequency response of shock accelerometers with octave analysis requirements is even higher. Civil engineering belongs to low frequency, the accelerometer can be selected around 0.2 Hz ~ 1 kHz. Mechanical equipment is generally medium frequency. The frequency can be estimated according to the equipment speed, equipment stiffness and other factors, you can choose 0.5 Hz ~ 5 kHz accelerometer. The frequency of impact measurement is very high.

Different mounting methods of acceleration sensors also change the frequency response (with little effect on vibration values). The mounting surface should be flat and clean, and mounting options should be based on the principles of convenience and safety. The weight and sensitivity of the acceleration sensor are inversely proportional to the frequency of use. It has high sensitivity, high weight and low usage frequency, which is also the skill of selection.

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